European Union Law - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 3803 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Title: European Union Law: Answer all three questions equally within the word count of 3000 1. Manuel, a Spaniard, is a recent graduate of the University of Barcelona, having gained a degree in Leisure and Tourism. Manuel wishes to undertake post graduate research on English soccer hooliganism and he has applied for a number of jobs in England to help support him while he is undertaking his research. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "European Union Law" essay for you Create order He receives an offer of a job with Torquay Borough Council as a part-time waiter with the Leisure Services Department. Manuel is delighted by this job offer but is disappointed when UK immigration officials inform him that he will be unable to enter and take up this position because a provision of UK local government law requires that posts in local government be filled only by British nationals. Furthermore they inform him that since it only involves six hours work at a rate of pay well below subsistence level it would not qualify him for any rights under EC law. Manuel also wished to bring with him his Irish girlfriend Polly who wished to look for work also in the catering industry. Polly has been refused entry into the UK. Cybil, an unemployed waitress from Torquay, was recently made redundant. Disenchanted with the English weather, she decides that she wants to go to live in Barcelona. Cybil arrives in Spain with her elderly, retired husband Basil. At the airport Spanish immigrat ion officials tell Cybil that, under a provision of Spanish immigration law, her husband will have to return to England immediately because he has no work to go to. Cybil herself is refused entry because she has a conviction in England from 1984 for domestic violence. Advise all parties of their rights under Article 39 and its secondary legislation. 2. The concepts of direct effect, indirect effect and state liability are no more than a creative attempt on the part of the European Court of Justice to ensure that the objectives of the Treaty are not defeated by the wording of Article 249. Discuss the accuracy of the above statement. 3. The Italian government have recently introduced legislation following a research paper in a French journal which, while unsubstantiated, concludes that English poultry is perilously infected with Newcastle disease. Acting on this the Italian legislation proposes: a) A ban on the importing of all live chickens from the UK. b) The imposing of testi ng of all poultry for Newcastle disease regardless of origin. c) The introduction of a system of licensing for all retail outlets selling imported poultry or poultry products for consumption. d) Criminal sanctions for all distributors of both domestic and imported poultry that sell infected poultry or poultry products. Discuss the legitimacy of the Italian legislation within EU Law Q.1. The Treaty of Rome 1957 (hereafter à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"the EC Treatyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢), as amended, provides for the free movement of workers around the Union. This freedom is an essential component of the EU Single Market. Article 39[1] states that: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“1. Freedom of movement for workers shall be secured within the Community. 2. Such freedom of movement shall entail the abolition of any discrimination based on nationality between workers of the Member States as regards employment, remuneration and other conditions of work and employment. 3. It shall entail the right, subject to l imitations justified on grounds of public policy, public security or public health: (a) to accept offers of employment actually made; (b) to move freely within the territory of Member States for this purpose; (c) to stay in a Member State for the purpose of employment in accordance with the provisions governing the employment of nationals of that State laid down by law, regulation or administrative action; (d) to remain in the territory of a Member State after having been employed in that State, subject to conditions which shall be embodied in implementing regulations to be drawn up by the Commission. 4. The provisions of this Article shall not apply to employment in the public service.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [2] Presumably at pains to avoid artificially restricting the scope of the concept, the Treaty does not define the word à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"workerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. However, the European Court of Justice has interpreted Article 39 broadly in a number of cases. In Lawrie-Bl um v Land Baden-Wƒ ¼rttemberg[3] the essential characteristic of a worker was found to be the performance of services for and under the direction of another in return for remuneration during a certain period of time. It should be noted that the concept of worker is the domain of EU law. It may not be determined by disparate national laws of the member states: Levin v Staatsecretaris van Justitie.[4] For the sake of clarity and simplicity it is proposed to advise each of the parties on the above law individually. Manuel Manuel has received an offer of a job with Torquay Borough Council as a part-time waiter with the Leisure Services Department. This scenario concerns exactly the kind of cross-border worker mobility protected under the EU regime. Regulation 1612/68 provides that EC nationals are guaranteed the right to pursue and take up employment in the territory of another member state under precisely the same conditions as nationals of that state.[5] That said, Article 39(4)[6] of the EC Treaty allows member states to refuse or otherwise restrict access to workers employed in the public service on the ground of their nationality. This appears to apply to Manuelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s case, because he has been offered a job with a Borough Council. It is submitted, however, that this derogation has, as with most Treaty derogations from fundamental principles, been narrowly interpreted by the European Court. In Sotgiu v Deutsche Bundespost[7] there was a claim that post office rules offering allowances to workers discriminated against non-nationals. It was held that Article 39(4) applies only to access to employment and that it does not apply to all employment in the public service. Rather, only those activities connected with the exercise of official authority are permitted to be excluded on this ground.[8] Given the likely job specification of Manuelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s position as part-time waiter in the Leisure Services Departme nt, it seems most unlikely that his job would fall into the category that is protected by the Article 39(4) derogation. Furthermore, in Commission v Belgium (re Public Employees)[9] a Belgian regulation reserving posts for domestic nationals (including plumbers nurses and architects employed in central and local government) was found to contravene Article 39. The court stressed that the exception was intended to cover only the exercise of public authority in order to safeguard the general interests of the state. Junior level posts were deemed not to be covered by the derogation.[10] It is difficult to conceive of a more junior and less influential position than part-time waiter. Therefore it is submitted that the United Kingdom cannot exclude Manuel from taking up his intended post on the basis of the public policy derogation. As for the United Kingdomà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s concern that Manuelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s job offers only involves six hours work at a rate of pay well bel ow subsistence level, it is submitted that it is erroneous to conclude that this would not qualify him for any rights under EC law. In Levin v Staatsecretaris van Justitie[11] it was confirmed that the term worker included part-time workers provided the work involved was genuine work of an economic nature and not purely nominal. Kempf v Staatsecretaris van Justitie[12] and Steymann v Staatsecretaris van Justitie[13] both reinforce the point that very minimal economic activity will trigger the rights available under Article 39. Manuelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s job offer therefore probably cannot be excluded by the public policy derogation or on grounds that the economic activity involved is not substantial enough to qualify for protection. He is thus likely to be legally entitled to enter the United Kingdom to take up the post he has secured. Polly Polly is Manuelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s girlfriend and also, being Irish, a citizen of the EU in her own right. Directive 68/360 has been found by the European Court to cover the right to enter a member state other than your own in search of work. The case Procureur du Roi v Royer[14] confirms that Polly is entitled to enter the United Kingdom to seek out work in the catering industry, and probably this right will subsist for a minimum period of six months: R v Immigration Appeal Tribunal (ex parte Antonissen).[15] This should give Polly sufficient time to get established in work or ascertain other legal rights to support her residence. Cybil Cybil is similarly entitled to invoke Directive 68/360 to allow her to enter Spain to search for work. In light of her recent redundancy it is assumed that Cybil is of an age to pursue genuine employment opportunities, and it is assumed she will seek to invoke Article 39 protection to that end. Her 1984 conviction for domestic violence cannot, it is submitted, be cited to block Cybilà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s entry into Spain on the Article 39(3) public policy derogation. Prev ious criminal convictions do not provide the grounds for exclusion in this context unless they demonstrate evidence of a present and significant threat to public policy: R v Bouchereau.[16] A twenty-one year old conviction for domestic violence is far from passing that threshold of significance. Cybil cannot be assumed to constitute a present threat to the requirements of public policy and given the time that has elapsed since conviction there is no evidence of a likelihood of a recurrence of socially harmful behaviour.[17] Spain cannot, it is submitted, block her entry on these grounds. Basil As Cybilà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s spouse, Basil is entitled to enter Spain and accompany her on her search for work. His rights are protected, inter alia, by Article 10(1) and 10(2) of Regulation 1612/68, the latter of which provides that member states must facilitate the admission of family members when a worker is seeking to invoke freedom to work rights.[18] Q.2. Article 249 EC provid es that: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.A regulation shall have general application. It shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States. A directive shall be binding, as to the result to be achieved, upon each Member State to which it is addressed, but shall leave to the national authorities the choice of form and methods.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [19] The essential problem lies with the definition of the Directive. Directives are unlike regulations in that they do not create legal rights and obligations when they enter into force. They rely on implementation at a national level before conferring enforceable law via the transposing domestic legislation. Often in the history of the European Union member states have either failed to transpose Directives, or failed to implement them accurately, or been late with their implementation.[20] In these circumstances a difficult situation arises. In Marshall v. Southampton and South West Hampshire Area Health A uthority[21] it became clear that employees enjoy different rights depending on the status of their employer. Public employees can invoke vertical direct effect to enforce rights in an improperly implemented directive against the state, which as their employer, has failed in its duty to transpose the directive accurately. However, employees of a private undertaking can only attempt to invoke direct effect horizontally against their employer. In Marshall the court refused to endorse the efficacy of horizontal direct effect, leaving employees of private undertakings with no right of action. It is useful to compare Von Colson[22] and Harz.[23] Both cases concerned Article 6 of the Equal Treatment Directive (76/ 207). However, Von Colson concerned a public and Harz a private employer, and therefore a remedy was available in the Von Colson case but not in Harz. Instead of spotlighting the inequitable results of the lack of horizontal direct effects of Directives, the ECJ focused on ar ticles 10 and 249 (ex 5 and 109) EC which oblige member states to conform to community obligations. On giving birth to the concept of indirect direct effect, the court found that this requirement applies to all member states authorities, including in particular the courts, who were ordered to interpret and apply legislation adopted to implement a directive in the light of the wording and purpose of the directive in order to achieve the objective of the Directive. The Marleasing[24] decision developed the principle of indirect effect by confirming that an obligation exists to interpret national law to comply with a directive, regardless of whether the national law in question came into force prior to or after the directive. When domestic law cannot be creatively interpreted in such a way as to give the complainant an effective remedy another option is now available. The individual is now empowered pursue the alternative remedy of a claim in damages against the state. As a co nsequence of certain proactive decisions by the European Court, damages may be awarded as a remedy in cases where the member state fails to implement a directive.[25] In these circumstances the liability of the member state rests on the non-implementation of a directive and breach of its EU obligations. The member state is thus compelled to rectify the damage done to the individual by the breach. The state liability doctrine was first applied in the prominent case Francovich.[26] In Francovich the relevant Directive was incapable of sustaining direct effect, but the overarching goal of the effective and uniform implementation of Community law was found to justify liability on the part of the member state to compensate for its failure to implement the directive. The European Court established a test to determine whether member states should be obliged to compensate individuals for breach of improperly transposed EU law. It was held (1) that the objective of the directive must include the conferring of individual rights, (2) that the content and scope of those rights must be clearly identifiable from the text of the Directive, and (3) that there must be a casual link between the breach and the damage caused. The scope of the so-called Francovich principle of state liability has been extended by more recent cases. In Brasserie du Pƒ ªcheur and Factortame III,[27] the European Court amplified its own jurisprudence, finding state liability in damages in the context of claims for loss suffered as a result of legislation adopted in contravention of directly effective Treaty provisions. As a consequence of the foregoing decisions, for state liability to arise the breach in question must be sufficiently serious (alternatively manifest and grave): Bayerische HNL GmbH.[28] To date it has proved quite difficult, in practice, to meet this condition before the national courts.[29] In closing, it is submitted that the European Courtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ ž ¢s response to the problems inherent in the frailties of directives and gaps in the direct effect principle amply demonstrates its resolve to enhance and safeguard the effet utile of European Union law.[30] As a consequence of the European Courtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s single-minded approach to the task of embedding and honing Community law, EU citizens now have a variety of means of obtaining the protection of the law derived from the framework established by the Treaty of Rome. Q.3. Articles 28 to 30 of the EC Treaty prohibit Member States from maintaining or imposing barriers to intra-Community trade, unless a derogation is found to be applicable. Article 28 (ex Article 30) provides: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Quantitative restrictions on imports and all measures having equivalent effect shall be prohibited between Member Statesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Article 30 (ex Article 36) adds the caveat that derogations are available: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The provisions of Articles 28 and 29 shall not p reclude prohibitions or restrictions on imports, exports or goods in transit justified on grounds of public morality, public policy or public security; the protection of health and life of humans, animals or plants; the protection of national treasures possessing artistic, historic or archaeological value; or the protection of industrial and commercial property. Such prohibitions or restrictions shall not, however, constitute a means of arbitrary discrimination or a disguised restriction on trade between Member States.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ The ban proposed by the Italian Government on English poultry is subject to this framework of law. The starting point for intra-EU trade is that it should not be fettered in any way. It is submitted that the only way for the Italian Government to circumnavigate this fundamental right and pillar of the Single Market is to claim, presumably on the Article 30 ground of the protection of health and life of humans, animals or plants, that a derogation is justified in light of the health concerns relating to English poultry. It is worth noting at an early stage that the derogations in Article 30 exempt a founding principle of the European Unionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s much cherished and jealously guarded internal market and as such they are parsimoniously and restrictively applied. In general terms it is therefore necessary to advance a compelling argument if one is to convince the European Court that intra-EU trade has been justifiably restricted.[31] Import bans are notoriously hard to justify under Article 30 because they usually constitute an unnecessarily draconian step and are usually unnecessary to protect health given the alternative precautions available: Commission v Germany (Meat Preparations).[32] It is noted that the research paper in the French Journal which has been cited as justification by the Italians is unsubstantiated. It is doubtful that this evidence would suffice to convince the European Court that the Ital ian Governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s response was in conformity with Article 28 obligations. In order to justify an Article 30 exemption it is necessary to demonstrate a real and tangible risk to health. Slight, tentative or theoretical risks will not suffice. In Commission v United Kingdom (French Turkeys)[33] a licensing system was established by the UK authorities to exclude poultry from countries adopting a policy of vaccination in preference to one of slaughter (also) in response to Newcastle disease. The European Court resolved that such a ban was unjustifiable on grounds of animal health. The Court speculated that the ban was no more than a thinly disguised restriction on intra-EU trade. Further and better particulars are sought on the matter of the ban and the nature of the disease and its contamination of the United Kingdom chicken flock. However, on the facts presented it seems unlikely the Italian ban would be deemed lawful at the European Court of Justice. The prop osal to test poultry for Newcastle disease regardless of origin is more likely to be considered in conformity with EU law. The testing system is more likely to be deemed acceptable if Italy can demonstrate that there is no intrinsic or indirect discrimination against foreign goods. Inspections are typically permissible in the circumstances described, but they are only likely to be justified if they are found to be reasonably proportionate to the aim pursued. Moreover, it must be demonstrated by the Italian Government that the same goal cannot be achieved by less restrictive means. In Commission v France (Re Italian Table Wines)[34] the European Court found that lengthy delays in customs clearance of wine imported from Italy into France were disproportionate and thus discriminatory. Supposedly random checks were imposed on 75 per cent of consignments, but this level of surveillance was deemed systematic and thus disallowed. The proposed introduction of a system of licensing for al l retail outlets selling imported poultry or poultry products for consumption is however destined to fail. Licensing per se is an entirely laudable exercise and can be defended on grounds of public health for a variety of cogent reasons. However, the key word in the proposal is imported. A new system of licensing outlets that deal in imported poultry has an obviously and directly discriminatory effect which would inevitably serve to encourage domestic retail outlets to sell only Italian-reared poultry rather than subject themselves to the burdens of additional licensing. It is contended that any system which purported to distinguish between domestic and extra-EU products by these means and in this context would be treated as blatant protectionism by the European Court. The proposal to establish criminal sanctions for all distributors of both domestic and imported poultry that sell infected poultry or poultry products would seem to be an unnecessary, disproportionate and dracon ian response. Despite the fact that the measure would apply equally to Italian and EU poultry, there is a risk that such action could constitute an indirect impediment to the flux of Community trade and an indistinct deterrent on poultry importation from any member state known or suspected to suffer from Newcastle disease infection, regardless of the level, scope or pattern of that infection. According to the celebrated Dassonville[35] formula: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"All trade measures or trading rules enacted by the Member States which are capable of hindering, directly or indirectly, actually or potentially, into community trade as measures having and effect equivalent to quantitative restrictions.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Therefore it is not necessary to demonstrate that the Italian proposal on criminal sanctions actually hinders trade between member states, as long as it is possible to show that the measure is capable of such effects. THE END WORD COUNT: 3668 (excluding footnote s I overran to take account of the fact that the lengthy question is counted in the computerised word count) BIBLIOGRAPHY The Treaty of Rome The Treaty of Amsterdam European Commission Notices (various) Official Journal (various) Business Law in the European Union, C.Bovis, Sweet Maxwell EC Law, Weatherill and Beaumont, Penguin Books Introduction to European Union Law, Cairns, Cavendish EU Law Text, Cases and Materials, Craig and De Burca, Oxford University Press Contravening EC Law: The Liability of the Member State, Spink P., Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly Textbook on EC Law, Steiner and Woods, Blackstone Law of the European Community, Fairhurst and Vincenzi, Pearson Education EC Law, Foster, Blackstone Basic Community Cases, Rudden and Phelan, Oxford University Press Law of the European Union, Kent, P., Longman Text, Cases and Materials on European Union Law, Tillotson and Foster, Cavendish EU Law Statutes, Sweet and Maxwell Cases and Materials on EC Law, Weatherill, Oxford University Press BACKGROUND RESEARCH Europa: Gateway to the European Union: https://europa.eu.int/index_en.htm. Footnotes [1] Ex Article 48 (renumbered by the Treaty of Amsterdam). [2] For full text see: https://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/treaties/selected/livre210.html. [3] Case 66/85. [4] Case 53/81. [5] See for background: Business Law in the European Union, Bovis, C, Sweet Maxwell. [6] Ex Article 48(4). [7] Case 152/73. [8] For supporting commentary see: Textbook on EC Law, Steiner and Woods, Blackstone. [9] Case 149/79. [10] A view reinforced by a 1988 Commission Notice: OJ No. 72/2. [11] Case 53/81. [12] Case 139/85. [13] Case 196/87. [14] Case 48/75. [15] Case C-292/89. [16] Case 30/77. [17] See for comment: EC Law, Weatherill and Beaumont, Penguin Books. [18] For further see: Law of the European Union, Kent, P., Longman. [19] For full text see: https://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/treaties/selected/livre252.html [20] See for general comment and background: EU Law Text, Cases and Materials, Craig and De Burca. [21] Case C-271/91. [22] C ase 14/83. [23] Case 79/83. [24] Case 106/89. [25] For an insightful exposition see: Text, Cases and Materials on European Union Law, Tillotson and Foster, Cavendish. [26] Cases C-6/90 and C-9/90. [27] Cases C-46/93 and C-48/93. [28] Case 83/77. [29] For a full discussion see: EC Law, Foster, Blackstone. [30] Contravening EC Law: The Liability of the Member State, Spink P., Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly, Summer 1997, p111. [31] See for context: Basic Community Cases, Rudden and Phelan. [32] Case 153/78. [33] Case 40/82. [34] Case 42/82. [35] Procureur du Roi v Dassonville Case 8/74.

Consequences of Crime - 1023 Words

Consequences of Crime Through the passage of time, many theorists have attempted to understand and prove the reasons for different types of human behavior, in an effort to discover an advisable way to encourage positive conduct, as well as discourage criminal action. At the same time, the question of whether or not punishment, as offered from within the punitive abilities of the criminal justice system, is sufficiently adequate to achieve these goals. In bringing answers to these problems and more, the ensuing paragraphs will cover the penalties associated with crime, various behavior reinforcement techniques and the effectiveness of current correctional methods. As part of the criminal process, the American justice system offers†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, reinforcements, which refer to the use of a primary or secondary reinforcer, are separated into three basic forms: positive, negative and punishment. To clarify, positive reinforcement is generally explained as an action that raises the likelihood that a desired response will repeat itself; negative reinforcement removes an unfavorable condition, with the exchange of receiving a preferred action, while the basic task of punishment is to cause a behavior to cease and desist. In addition, the styles or methods utilized to adjust responses must account for the time between reinforcement and behavior, as this is exceedingly significant; for as Mazur (2006) observed, â€Å"operant reinforcement is most effective when it rapidly follows a correct response† (as cited in Coon Mitterer, 2011, p. 235). Conversely, with the absence of continued and consistent reinforcement, a behavior tends to stop and is referred to as extinction. Through the rehabilitative efforts of the justice system, prison sentences have seemingly become a revolving door arrangement between criminals and enforcers of the law. As evidence, the crime statistics report for Fairfax County, Virginia, authorized by Colonel David Roher of the Fairfax County Police Department (2009), points out, â€Å"a few people in each district often account for multiple burglaries, and we continually deal with some of theShow MoreRelatedRunning Head : Consequences Of Crime1077 Words   |  5 PagesRunning Head: CONSEQUENCES OF CRIME †¨ CONSEQUENCES OF CRIME by Morgan Robinson CJA 3700-001 CONSEQUENCE OF CRIME The criminal justice system is meant to punish those who commit crimes yet when people are sentenced to serve time in either jail or prison everyone in that persons life is affected by it in some way. Women are incarcerated for the same reasons as men but the problems that they face while incarcerated are vastly different. 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Developmental values The bris... free essay sample

Developmental values: The bristle blocks advances their physical development by the children using their fine motor skills as they attach pieces together. It gets the children sharpening their grasping and giving them a steady hand by building objects. The children will gain hand-eye coordination by building with their hands and being able to create things. Children improve their cognitive development by learning about different shapes, sizes and patterns that can be used for simple mathematics. They will overcome different problems they will face e.g failing to make the statue. By playing together with the blocks the children will use their language skills and social skills to communicate with others and by describing what they have made. The children will learn rules, negotiating and different ideas working together playing with this toy. The toy is inclusive as it targets both boys and girls to play with it.Play value: It is a basic building block kit with soft, easy to assemble pieces. We will write a custom essay sample on Developmental values: The bris or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This toy has pieces that are not precise compared to other building kits like lego because the pieces dont have exact size pieces that have to be stuck together. Another benefit of the play value of this toy is it can be used in group play and if pieces go missing it wont interfere in the toy still being functional. It lets the children create what they want which lets them be imaginative and keeps them entertained for hours.Visual Appeal: Bright, colourful and in different range of shapes and sizes which will appeal visually to children. Some children like the visual appeal of having a container for their toys. It has a handle and child friendly clips so the children are able to get to the toy without help. The children do not have to be precise (no order) putting the blocks back in the case so children like this concept as it is less time cleaning up and this suits smaller children who are only start to understand the concept of cleaning up after themselvesDurability: The bristle blocks have good durability as they can be dropped, thrown and can withstand impact. They last a long time during play and does not wear as a toy very fast. The toy lasts longer as the loss of some bricks will not impact the toy itself or the lifetime of the toy.Safety: The toy can go into their mouths as it is too big to swallow and the pieces are machine washable so they are easy to clean. There is no sharp edges on this toy so it is less likely they can hurt themselves.Suitability: 2 years +Value for money: As this toy benefits a childs development highly, has a lovely visual appeal that would attract childre ns vision, lasts a long time and has a good safety net. I think for the price of â‚ ¬32.99 for a set of 104 interlocking building pieces with 9 figurines and a strong case is worth the value of the money.Roles adults might play in relation to this toy:Adults can help the children with this toy. Some children might not know how to build with these blocks where the adult can do demonstrations to show the children. This might be as simple as how to attach the pieces together or as complex as how to build a certain figure. The adults might have to lay out the toy for the children like opening the case, taking the pieces out and putting the toy away into the case and closing it. Some childrens physical development might not be fully developed so opening clips on the case would be difficult.

The Sacrifice Of Life (Iphigenia) Essay Example For Students

The Sacrifice Of Life (Iphigenia) Essay The Sacrifice Of Life(Iphigenia)A simple definition of sacrifice is to give up something for the sake of something else, whether it is for another human life, for an idea, or even for a belief. She was 17 years old. He stood glaring at her, his weapon before her face. Do you believe in God? She paused. It was a life-or-death question. Yes, I believe in God. Why? asked her executioner. But he never gave her the chance to respond. The teenage girl lay dead at his feet. (DC Talk 17) This example of a sacrifice really happened at Columbine High School in Littleton, CO, on April 20, 1999. In the story Iphigenia and in todays society, justification can be found in favor of the sacrifice of life for the lives of others, for the sake of ones country, and for ones religious beliefs. We will write a custom essay on The Sacrifice Of Life (Iphigenia) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now First, one can see the importance of the sacrifice of one life in order to save many more. In the Grecian tale, Iphigenia is forced by her father and the multitudes of Grecian soldiers to sacrifice her life in order to appease the god that controls the winds. Her inner struggle consists of the desire to live verses the knowledge of the fact that if she doesnt die, her family will be executed along with her. Iphigenia must decide which is more important in the grand scheme of things. Her decision to die is only made because she realizes that she is the sacrifice for the ones she holds dearest to her heart, her own family members. This devotion to her kindred is her reason for willingly giving her life. As Achilles speaks with Iphigenia about her decision, he notices the nobility and courage that she is putting forth in order to make such a huge sacrifice. This courage is much like the courage that is shown in the sacrifice of lives today for others. When searching todays society for those that show courage and nobility like that of Iphigenia, one acknowledges the work of the firefighters and police departments.Every time a person of this profession leaves their station in lieu of a call, they are potentially sacrificing their lives for the lives of others. The many possible things that could happen to one of these workers while on the field could put them in a situation where their safety is questionable. It is understood that this worker must sacrifice his or her life for whatever person that is in need of help. This victim is more than likely a complete stranger to this firefighter or police officer, yet the workers continue to sacrifice their lives for the sake of the people. Contrary to Iphigenias sacrifice for the ones she holds closest to her, todays defense workers are sacrificing their lives for the entire people group in their jurisdiction that they have never even met. Though there is this difference between now and th en, the sacrifice of life still requires huge amounts of courage and a noble manner. Next, justification of the loss of life for the sake of a country is evident through Iphigenia and todays society. In Iphigenia, thousands upon thousands of men are just waiting to sacrifice their lives in a war for the sake of their country. The cause of this war is the defining characteristic to notice. The entire Grecian army is ready to cross distant waters and lands in order to steal back something that was taken from one man. The pride and selfishness of this one man is so nonsensical and ludicrous, yet legions upon legions of men are willing to die for it. This somehow gives them the feeling of patriotism, which is very high on their priority list. With country before family on that list, the sacrifice of one daughter seems very miniscule when held next to defending the country. As Iphigenias father, Agamemnon, began his mission to sacrifice his own first daughter, Edith Hamilton says, He dared the deed, slaying his child to help a war (Hamilton 189). Thus, the death of Iphige nia breaks family ties as well as all of the men that will die in the battles to come in that war. .ufdad79586fc8b7e4f9cb8cb0f53ec3b2 , .ufdad79586fc8b7e4f9cb8cb0f53ec3b2 .postImageUrl , .ufdad79586fc8b7e4f9cb8cb0f53ec3b2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufdad79586fc8b7e4f9cb8cb0f53ec3b2 , .ufdad79586fc8b7e4f9cb8cb0f53ec3b2:hover , .ufdad79586fc8b7e4f9cb8cb0f53ec3b2:visited , .ufdad79586fc8b7e4f9cb8cb0f53ec3b2:active { border:0!important; } .ufdad79586fc8b7e4f9cb8cb0f53ec3b2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufdad79586fc8b7e4f9cb8cb0f53ec3b2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufdad79586fc8b7e4f9cb8cb0f53ec3b2:active , .ufdad79586fc8b7e4f9cb8cb0f53ec3b2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufdad79586fc8b7e4f9cb8cb0f53ec3b2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufdad79586fc8b7e4f9cb8cb0f53ec3b2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufdad79586fc8b7e4f9cb8cb0f53ec3b2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufdad79586fc8b7e4f9cb8cb0f53ec3b2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufdad79586fc8b7e4f9cb8cb0f53ec3b2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufdad79586fc8b7e4f9cb8cb0f53ec3b2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufdad79586fc8b7e4f9cb8cb0f53ec3b2 .ufdad79586fc8b7e4f9cb8cb0f53ec3b2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufdad79586fc8b7e4f9cb8cb0f53ec3b2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: on Oedipus Jocasta Creon and Antigone EssayWhen the draft is put out

Free Essays on Expository Writing

When looking on the outside of Beeghly library and college hall you wouldn’t think that these two buildings have any thing in common. However on the inside these two buildings have a lot in common. From books to classroom both serve a purpose to educate are young adults. Beeghly library was constructed in 1886 and dedicated in 1888, while the library was built in 1967. College halls architect is that of a Victorian gothic, while the library is considered an English Gothic. The difference between these two is obvious if you gaze to the outside of the buildings. College hall is a rectangle shaped building, while Beeghly library is round kind of oval shaped building. Both buildings have classrooms in them. College Hall’s buildings are on the second floor, while the library has one classroom in the basement. So both of them are used to teach and educate young adults. However Beeghly Library has a large amount of books, videos and magazines, While College Hall really has none of these things on the inside. College hall is home to many things like the business office, financial aid office, Admission office and the register office. College hall also contains a chapel, Rickley Chapel. Which is used for a lot of things the main reason is for religion while the other is used for holding speeches and meetings. The library does not having anything like this, however it does have a media center. The media center service a lot of purposes from making and laminating flash cards to using computers specialized in cretin things. On the other hand Beeghly Library has a lot of different things that College Hall does not have. For example storage space for books the library has many books stored away and has more room to store even more books. The library also has room for reading space and for group work. They have books that can be taken out and a copy machine for copying articles out of books. College hall has none of these things.... Free Essays on Expository Writing Free Essays on Expository Writing When looking on the outside of Beeghly library and college hall you wouldn’t think that these two buildings have any thing in common. However on the inside these two buildings have a lot in common. From books to classroom both serve a purpose to educate are young adults. Beeghly library was constructed in 1886 and dedicated in 1888, while the library was built in 1967. College halls architect is that of a Victorian gothic, while the library is considered an English Gothic. The difference between these two is obvious if you gaze to the outside of the buildings. College hall is a rectangle shaped building, while Beeghly library is round kind of oval shaped building. Both buildings have classrooms in them. College Hall’s buildings are on the second floor, while the library has one classroom in the basement. So both of them are used to teach and educate young adults. However Beeghly Library has a large amount of books, videos and magazines, While College Hall really has none of these things on the inside. College hall is home to many things like the business office, financial aid office, Admission office and the register office. College hall also contains a chapel, Rickley Chapel. Which is used for a lot of things the main reason is for religion while the other is used for holding speeches and meetings. The library does not having anything like this, however it does have a media center. The media center service a lot of purposes from making and laminating flash cards to using computers specialized in cretin things. On the other hand Beeghly Library has a lot of different things that College Hall does not have. For example storage space for books the library has many books stored away and has more room to store even more books. The library also has room for reading space and for group work. They have books that can be taken out and a copy machine for copying articles out of books. College hall has none of these things....

Texas Homeowners Insurance essays

Texas Homeowners Insurance essays In 2002, Texas homeowner rates have increased more than one hundred percent due to an increase in the number of mold and water claims. In addition, local government regulators have set a benchmark rate which allows insurance companies to charge rates thirty percent higher or lower than the benchmark. This system allows insurance companies to compete for customers. Due to the substantial increase in insurance premiums, law suits against insurance companies have increased. This has made insurance companies hesitate on selling insurance policies to new and existing customers. In an effort to cut down on these unfair insurance practices, governor candidates Rick Perry and Tony Sanchez vowed to regulate the market. For now, homeowners receive less insurance coverage with no alternative solution. I will start my research by first looking on the internet for articles pertaining to the increase of Texas Homeowner rates. Then I will go to the library to research books, journal, magazine, and newspaper articles. After I have gathered all of my information, I will eliminate articles not relating to my subject. Through extensive researching, I will compare the previous years rates to this years rate which will show a substantial increase. The benchmark rates, designed to allow companies to earn a reasonable profit, has resulted in unexpected premium increases. Also, the majority of homeowners receive the same rates as the high risk policy holders. In addition, insurance companies require background checks on new customers, which make it harder for customers to obtain insurance. Enclosing, I will provide solutions on how to find the best rate available. ...

Health Care Planning and Evaluation Research Paper

Health Care Planning and Evaluation - Research Paper Example cts and supports medical study to comprehend how a person’s body functions and achieve insights into numerous disorders and diseases, from uncommon to more recognizable ones such as the common cold. The NIH is mandated to conduct scientific research in search of basic knowledge on the behavior and nature of living styles and the utilization of that understanding to expand healthy life and decrease the burdens of disability and illness. NIH conducts high-quality, goal-oriented study and policy assessment of the organization, funding and health care delivery in America. The NIH operates to recognize major health care policy concerns, discover policy alternatives, and analyze benefits, and drawbacks of policy alternatives to assist advice policy formulators and various key decision-makes on how the increase in access to affordable, high-quality health care to the entire American population. Advance health care planning does not merely entail old age; at whatever age, a medical emergency could many people seriously ill to make their individual health care decisions. Thus, making future health care planning is an essential step toward improving the general health of people. Advanced healthcare planning entails learning about the forms of choices that may be made, regarding those choices in advance, and putting them in an advance directive. Medical research provides a vital function in the health status of all Americans. Because of the developments in medication and public health, the U.S. populations are living and staying healthier. The NIH promotes a lot of the research study countrywide that evaluates how individuals age and the means to advance their health during their later ages. The National Institute on Aging (NIA) is a branch of NIH; where various NIA-promoted studies centers on advance healthcare planning, involving assessing why individuals might accomplish ad vance directions and the impact of these directions on end-of-life health care. The 27

Organization behavoir Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Organization behavoir - Essay Example Organizational behavior in an organization develops over the years of the existence of the organization and is closely linked to what is referred to as organizational culture. Managing organization behavior is a relatively complex process in normal situations, especially if a major change occurs like mergers and acquisitions or other important structural or managerial changes within an organization. There have been many studies and researches on the importance of managing various types of organizational behavior (in various situations) within an organization and studies have clearly pinpointed the relation between organizational behavior, and leadership styles of managers. This paper seeks to explore the various factors associated with organizational behavior with special reference to managing OB in the BAPCO (the Bahrain Petroleum Company). The paper also tries to through light on the link between organizational management and organizational behavior. The paper will argue that a man ger requires certain personality traits and should follow the most appropriate leadership styles in various situations to manage organizational behavior effectively. A Brief Overview of BAPCO and Organizational Behavior: BAPCO is one of the major companies in the Kingdom of Bahrain and the only of its business like, which is the petroleum refining. It was established in 1929 and continues producing a wide range of petroleum products even today. It was jointly owned by the Kingdom of Bahrain and Caltex till 1997, when its full ownership was transferred to the government. BAPCO participate largely in the economy of Bahrain and it employs around 3,000 employees distributed between upstream, the oil production, and downstream, the oil refining. BAPCO is a vibrant and energetic company playing a key role in the development of young Bahrainis. The strategic vision of the company is as follows – â€Å"To manage and operate an integrated oil and gas business, supplying crude oil, pe troleum products and gas to the international and local markets, to create value for our shareholders, customers and employees† (The Bahrain Petroleum Company: Strategic objectives). Training in craft and technical skills has been at the centre of the activities and the Two year programmer, which concluded in May 2008, fulfilled the company vision of creating a pool of talented Bahraini technicians to meet the ever-growing needs of the local industries. Developing young graduates to become the manager of the future has been a pressing concern for the company. BAPCO also supports other major leadership and mentoring programmers, such as the prestigious Crown Prince international scholarship programmer, by providing funding for scholarship, mentors and on the job training opportunities. BAPCO has always shown a strong relationship with its employees through the trade union, and overall spirit of cooperation and this harmony has resulted in constructive resolution of individual a nd companywide issues through regular negotiation meeting. However, there is currently an increased tendency among the PMD (Plant Maintenance employees) to request transfer to other divisions such as ED (Engineering Department) and this has proved to be a major challenge for the general manager of BAPCO to manager this organizational behavior. Organizational behavior: Organizational behavior and culture in organizations are interrelated. Culture in

Pennsylvania Advance Directives Essay Example for Free

Pennsylvania Advance Directives Essay Living Wills are defined as that which ‘contains your written instructions about what level of medical treatment you want in the event that you are unable to express your wishes verbally’ (CBC News Online. March 22, 2005. Living Wills: FAQs. Retrieved on May 5, 2009 from website http://www. cbc. ca/news/background/wills/). Living Wills therefore are considered as the wishes of persons who are unable to converse their desires during those moments of their lives wherein they are too weak, unsound or unstable to verbally communicate them. This specifically pertains to the medical aspect of the treatment that these people wish to receive. This document is very important because it allows those people around the ailing patient to respect the wishes of the latter as to whether or not he still wants to undergo further treatment or to just be left alone after a certain procedure without submitting to other treatments. For example, a patient can specify that after a heart attack he do not want to be revived anymore. This living will allows a person to experience fully his freedom and right to live. Although there may be other groups who would argue that there are ethical considerations to this, the validity of the living will has been held upheld. Thus, living wills which carry the wishes of a patient should be respected and followed. A living will may also contain wishes such as what organs to donate after the death of a person and to whom these organs should be given. The manner by which a living will comes into existence begins wherein a person who has the legal capacity to contract, meaning he should be of age would write down his desires, instructions or wishes pertaining to the medical treatment that he would like to receive. The person would then name a specific individual tasked to carry out these desires in the event that the patient is in no position to verbally communicate these matters. The contents of a living will could be motivated by different factors. For instance, the will may contain an instruction that the patient does not want to receive any major operation in connection with his sickness because of budget or financial constraints. The other factors may also be emotional, age or physical considerations. A person who has no living relative or family member can easily decide to refuse seeking further medical treatment since there can be the thought that he or she has no reason for living. Further a patient who is in his early 20’s would also decide differently from a patient in his late 70’s. From these concepts, we can get the idea that living wills are not necessarily associated with death or old age. Living wills are executed in anticipation of a worse case scenario where a person is unable to communicate what he wants to be done with his health. The situation of sickness, death or accident chooses no one, thus, it is best to be prepared for any contingency through a living will. The execution of a living will is also a big help in the event that the family has to make a life or death situation for a family member (CBC News Online. March 22, 2005. Living Wills: FAQs. Retrieved on May 5, 2009 from website http://www. cbc. ca/news/background/wills/). For example, the patient can put in the will a provision that the family can decide to take away any life support machines for the patient. This would be a big relief on the part of the family since they would not be burdened with any guilt or hang ups regarding their loved one. It would also be a big help to go through a consultation with a doctor before writing a living will so that there would be a thorough analysis of the evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of the possible consequences of the will. It would be a big help to have the guidance of a professional so that there would be no room for error in the future. The execution of a living will varies from that of a last will and testament since these are two different and unrelated documents. They can exist independent of the other for they have different subject matters. The state and federal guidelines contains provisions regarding the documentation of living wills. As I have previously mentioned, living wills are valid documents, thus they are recognized and accepted under the law. A copy of the living will should be given to the doctor and to the family. The United States has a registry of living wills that can be accessed through telephone. These living wills are also given to the health care providers so that they would have a copy of it and this would also give them the opportunity to study as to whether or not the provisions contained thereof can be carried out by their company. In the event that the health care provider cannot carry out the wishes of the person for the reason that their state does not allow it or otherwise, then the doctor or person concerned should be immediately informed. It is a basic principle that all contracts or documents must be in accordance with valid and existing laws, thus, if the provisions of the will are contrary to the existing laws of a state then the health care provider can validly refuse to execute them. If the health care provider or doctor is amenable to the provisions thereof then the will of the patient would have to be followed. The living will would now form part of the records of the health care provider, the doctor or the hospital for proper documentation. This presupposes that the living will was validly made by the patient in that the latter signed it or asked a representative to sign it for him, it was witnessed and other steps were taken for the validity thereof. It is the duty of the healthcare provider to look for another company who would be willing to carry out the wishes of the patient. A living will can also be revoked or changed to be patterned after any event that may take place. Reference: 1. Evans, Daniel. 1992. Pennsylvania Advance Directives for Healthcare. The Pennsylvania Estate and Trust Cybrary. Retrieved on May 5, 2009 from website http://evans-legal. com/dan/padhc. html. 2. Understanding Advance Directives for Health Care. Retrieved on May 5, 2009 from website http://www. aging. state. pa. us/aging/lib/aging/Advance_Directives_brochure1. pdf. 3. The North American Registry of Living Wills. Living Wills. Retrieved on May 5, 2009 from website http://www. livingwill. com/. 4. CBC News Online. March 22, 2005. Living Wills: FAQs. Retrieved on May 5, 2009 from website http://www. cbc. ca/news/background/wills/.

Irony in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice Essay -- Pride and Prejudice

Irony in Pride and Prejudice Critics have examined Jane Austen’s novel, Pride and Prejudice, since its creation. In this novel, Austen uses and irony to produce a masterpiece. Austen opens the novel with what appears to be a sarcastic sentence. She writes, "IT is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife" (Austen 5). Most readers think of this as humorous and quite laughable. It does not necessarily follow that a man with a large fortune is searching for a wife. However, by the end of the first page, the reader may find himself asking, "Was Austen being sarcastic or was she simply stating a fact?" In Pride and Prejudice, the opening sentence is merely a fact. The text presents two men with large fortunes. Moreover, the end of the novel unites both men "of a good fortune" with wives. Austen sealed their ends. What appears mere sarcasm becomes ironic when one realizes "IT is a truth universally acknowledged." The first character to express sarcasm and irony is Mr. Bennett. Austen brings forth the irony of her opening thesis in his sarcastic speech. The opening dialogue between Mr. Bennett and his wife is a worthy example. She comments on a man leasing a piece of property, Netherfield Park. Mr. Bennett shows very little interest in her story. His disinterest perturbs her and she asks him if he wants to know who has rented the property. He replies "You want to tell me, and I have no objection to hearing it" (5). She remarks that the man is "a young man of large fortune" (5). Aside from asking his name, the first thing Mr. Bennett wants to know about this man is: "Is he married or single?" "Oh single my dear, to be sure! A single man of large... ...e seems like utter stupidity to the reader. Yet the most important irony is the irony between Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth. As the novel progresses, Darcy and Elizabeth put away their pride and prejudice to unite in marriage. Also, Mr. Darcy mutates from the villain to the hero as Wickham goes from hero to villain. Finally, Austen's use of authorial intrusion adds a final touch of sarcasm and irony that completes the novel. Â   WORKS CITED Brower, Reuben A. "Light and Bright and Sparkling: Irony and Fiction in Pride and Prejudice." Ed. Donald Gray. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1966. 374-388. Mudrick, Marvin. "Irony as Dicrimination: Pride and Prejudice." Ed. Donald Gray. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1966. 388-409. Wright, Andrew H. "Feeling and Complexity in Pride and Prejudice." Ed. Donald Gray. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1966. 410-420.

A Play of Contrasts Essay

In this essay I shall discuss the contrasts that have been used in An Inspector Calls. Firstly the contrast, which had stood out the most, was the progress from ignorance to knowledge, this was shown specifically in Sheila; young, pretty and rich Sheila who was show to be ‘very pleased’ with her share of the world at the beginning of the play whereas in stark contrast near the end of the play her character has progressed from naively ignorant satisfaction to opening of her eyes to the facades and indifferent selfishness of the upper classes. For example in Priestley’s stage directions Sheila ‘bitterly’ reacts to Birling and Mrs Birling’s refusal to take responsibility for their actions and want to avoid ‘scandal’ and climb up the social ladder. Therefore the contrast of ignorance and knowledge is depicted in Sheila as she realizes her and her family’s roles in the suicide of Eva Smith/ Daisy Renton. Another significant contrast shown in the play is the difference between the older and younger generations. The main differences between the old and young is that the older generation of Birlings just want to wash their hands of this ‘awkward’ business, such as following the Inspector’s departure Birling discusses only the possible shame that could rob him of his ‘almost certain’ knighthood but does not reflect on his actions towards Eva Smith. This illustrates that Birling was only gutted about his potentially lost doorway to success and status, furthermore when Sheila accuses Birling of unconcern towards the tragedy and lesson that ought to be learnt Birling is highly self centered and talks only of himself- ‘who here will suffer more than I will? ’ Mrs. Birling, playing the role of the obedient and supportive wife, also displays selfish behavior talking about the ‘rude’ tone the Inspector used; this connotes that she is highlighting her superior status to the Inspector, suggesting that he ought to treat her with respect due to her class regardless of any unjust acts she had done. This shows that position and socially acceptable behavior was of more importance than morality and virtue to Mrs. Birling. On the other hand the new generation of Birlings, Sheila and Eric, fully acknowledge the effects of their actions and are affected by their parents lack of empathy towards the tragic end of Eva/Daisy, for example Eric angrily ‘burst out’ that Arthur and Sybil were beginning to ‘pretend’ that nothing had happened. This demonstrates that Eric was aware that his parents had been distressed by Eva’s death but the once the powerful presence of the Inspector had gone they had begun to return to their previous attitudes. Moreover Sheila supports Eric’s attitude by ‘eagerly’ agreeing with him. They both also addresses the collective responsibility of Eva’s death, for example Sheila says ‘ashamed of us’ and Eric says ‘we all helped kill her’ this illustrates that ironically the younger generation was being responsible and was acknowledging not only their parents wrongdoings but their own also. Thus this demonstrates that the younger generation was more responsible and willing to take the burden of guilt whereas the older generation was lacking empathy and attempting to avoid scandal by pretending they had no blame.

Tell Tale Heart Study Packet

â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† by Edgar Allan Poe Activity Packet [pic] [pic] Name ____________________________________________ L. A. Period ________ Your score ___________out of 30 points possible ( Covers plot elements, comprehension, figurative language, mood, character traits, , and setting ) Pre-Reading Guide for â€Å"Tell-Tale Heart† Name _________________________________________ Period ___________ (5 pts. ) Describe five things that you usually find in a scary/horror story: 1. ______________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________ . _______________________________________________________________ 4. _______________________________________________________________ 5. ________________________________________________________________ Read the following statements. If you agree with them, put a check in the YOU column. Then, AFTER we read the story, go back and put a check in the AUTHOR column if you feel the author agrees with that statement. YOUAUTHORSTATEMENT ____________1. People who are insane know that they are insane. ____________2. Sane people sometimes imagine that they hear things. ___________3. If you commit a crime, the worst punishment is the guilt afterward. ____________4. Often it’s the small annoying things about people that can be the most irritating and infuriating. ____________5. All people are basically afraid of the same things. ____________6. When you’ve done something wrong, wondering if you’ll be caught can cause great stress and anxiety. â€Å"Tell-Tale Heart†comprehension QuestionsName__________________ (20 pts. ) After reading â€Å"Tell-Tale Heart† by Poe, answer the following questions using short answers.They do not need to be complete sentences, but answer each part of the question thoroughly. 1. Who is telling this story (narrating)? Is it first, second, or third person? 2. What is your first impression of the n arrator? What does he try convincing the reader of? 3. How does the narrator feel about the old man in general? What, then, specifically, is it about the old man that troubles/bothers the narrator? Why? How often does the narrator mention this â€Å"thing† in the story? 4. What does the narrator tell us he does every night? Why? 5. How does the narrator feel immediately after he commits the murder?Do his feelings change? If so, how and why? â€Å"Tell-Tale Heart† Comprehension Questions continued†¦Name__________________ 6. What sound drives the narrator to confess to the crime? What do you think causes his paranoia? 7. Give two direct and specific examples from the story that the author uses to create an atmosphere of horror or suspense. These are sentences that set or enhance the MOOD of the story. Give the page number. 8. Give one example where the author uses punctuation or repeated words or phrases in a sentence to show the mood of horror or suspense. . Find o ne example of each of the following: a. Alliteration – Pg. ___ ___________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ b. Simile – Pg. ________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 10. c. Personification – Pg. _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

Why Everyone is Talking About Publishizer.com

Why Everyone is Talking About Publishizer.com Every author dreams of getting published and Publishizer.com helps make that dream a reality through its unique crowdfunding platform. And the formula is surprisingly simple: Submit a proposal on the Publishizer platform, sell pre-order copies with the use of the sites promotion tools, and then attract the interest of publishers interested in signing a publishing deal.The Publishizer processWrite a proposalThe Publishizer process begins with a proposal, which according to the website, is free and takes 60 seconds to complete- no manuscript required. To see how easy the process truly is, I signed up using my Facebook account (one of many sign-up options available) and was immediately taken to a page that asked for the title of my book, and its category.If you choose a title that has already been used in the platform, youll be notified of this. If you choose a unique title, youre immediately assigned a web address on the Publishizer platform that incorporates that title. Upon choosing a category (I chose Business for a trial run), youre informed of how many publishers involved with Publishizer are looking for manuscripts within that category. Then, you simply click on the Create Proposal button to be taken to the proposal template.Publishizer.com offers an online proposal templateThe template asks again for a working title, along with a subtitle (which is optional). Youre then asked to note the subcategory within the category you chose. You must then submit the word count of your completed manuscript. The template suggests that the average novel is around 50,000 words, while the average non-fiction word count falls between 50,000 to 100,000 words.The next section requests the level of completion of your manuscript at the current point in time. This section notes that if you are submitting a fiction title, its important to have a complete or almost-complete manuscript. However, if your proposal is for a non-fiction title, the site notes that you dont need to submi t a finished manuscript. According to Publishizer, 90% of non-fiction titles are accepted by publishers at the proposal stage, before the book is ever written! So if you have a great idea for a non-fiction book and have done your research on the topic, you really have nothing to lose by pitching it through the sites proposal process.Next, you need to write a hook for your book in 30 words or less. This blurb will be displayed when readers share your book on Facebook and other social media platforms, as well as the elevator pitch given to publishers who might be interested in publishing your book. This part is especially important, so be sure to spend a lot of time working through the perfect pitch.Following these initial bits of information about your book, the proposal process includes information about you, the author, along with a link to your author website. You must then write a 250 to 350-word blurb on the following: synopsis, outline, author bio, your books intended audience, how you intend to promote your work, the competition youve found, a sample of your writing, and a video promoting yourself and your book. The site notes that the video part is especially important, since you are selling yourself as an author and expert as much as you are selling your writing. Publishers also like to see that you are personable, marketable, and able to do your own outreach to gain an audience for your writing. These qualities help tremendously in marketing a book.Obviously, this information takes more than 60 seconds to complete, but the website provides helpful tips along the way for each section of the proposal. The template provided is standard to what Ive seen in other resources for submitting proposals to publishers and will require time, effort and research (particularly for the competition and audience sections) if participating authors expect to get the attention of traditional publishers. However, everything included in the Publishizer proposal template wil l also be a part of submitting a traditional proposal to publishers when marketing your work, so you need to do the legwork for each section regardless.As for the sample of writing, the website notes that this sample does not need to be a sample of the book, particularly if it is a non-fiction manuscript that has not been completed (or even begun). However, it would be my guess that publishers want to see a sample of the actual book being proposed in order to get a glimpse of the writers talent. For example, you wouldnt want to submit a proposal for a non-fiction book on how to open your own music instruction business, along with a sample of writing from your college creative writing course.Get exposure to publishersThis next step is where Publishizer really shines and is (in my opinion) an excellent resource for both published and newbie writers. Once your proposal is completed, Publishizer will send it out to publishers in a weekly round-up for 30 days. This type of exposure is es pecially valuable for writers who are unsure of the process of querying publishers or submitting proposals the traditional way and could offer established writers more options to choose from to get the best publishing deal. Additionally, the site advertises various promotional tools that can be used to help authors attract attention from the right publishers.Unlock a direct pitchPublishizer then provides the platform and shopping cart to sell pre-ordered copies of your book and unlock a direct pitch to the inboxes of traditional advance-paying publishers. Depending on your level of pre-orders, you could receive an offer from a traditional publisher, independent publisher, hybrid publisher, or service publisher (or a combination of types). The differences between these types of publishers are explained below.Sign a publishing dealFinally, the last step in the Publishizer process is to respond to the publishers who are interested in working with you to publish your book. If this seems overwhelming to you as a new author, the site offers guidance and support to each of its enrolled authors throughout this process. In my opinion, this guidance alone is extremely valuable- particularly for writers who have never been through the process of submitting manuscript proposals.Types of publishersThe Publishizer site offers the following descriptions of the types of publishers who participate on the platform.Traditional publishersTraditional publishers pay author advances, with royalties that tend to be at 10-20% of sales. This type of publisher is generally the most preferred type for most writers, and the site seems to suggest that with the right number of pre-orders- the likelihood is high that youll gain traditional publishers attention.Independent publishersIndependent publishers may or may not pay author advances; however, they tend to offer the most hands-on support, and offer the most author-friendly deal, at 15-50% of book sales.Hybrid publishersHybrid publishers may or may not charge authors for publishing the pre-orders. They tend to be flexible and the fastest to bring your book to market. Royalties range from 50-70% of final sales.Service publishersService publishers charge upfront costs to publish your book to meet the pre-sales you have acquired. They offer the highest level of control and ownership, since authors keep 100% royalties.Free author toolsPublishizer also offers several free author tools to help increase the number of pre-sales and attract the attention of publishers. These include:Step-by-step book proposal builderProposal hostingAuthor video to help you stand outA pre-order campaignTraffic stats, custom tracking links, and email invites for marketingPayment processing (credit card, debit card or PayPal in any currency)Proposal pitch to targeted publishersPublisher trackingLinks to sell via AmazonPromotion in their monthly newsletter (for trending campaigns)Guidance and help setting up your book campaign pageEmail campaig n text and strategies for launchThe Publishizer blogIn addition to the multiple free author tools the Publishizer platform offers, the sites blog is chock full of helpful information for authors. The most recent post, 3 Reasons a Manuscript Critique is Worth Every Penny, is written by a former Author Services manager at Amazon and discusses why serious authors should seek professional pre-publishing feedback and pay careful attention to what that feedback tells them.The Publishizer blog provides great advice for authorsOther blog topics include:How to Write a Book Pitch That Gets Noticed -  Not IgnoredHow To Get 1,000 New Book Subscribers In 30 DaysLabor of Love: Maggie Way on Romance and WritingI Wish Online Platforms Could Sell Your Book For YouHow to talk to book publishersHow to sell your book16,871 book subscribers in 10 minutesCan indie authors tame the marketing beast without breaking the bank?Overall, I found the blog articles to be highly informative and useful for authors at various stages of the writing and publishing process, particularly indie authors interested in building their audience through email campaigns and author pages.

How to Create a 2017 Job Search Roadmap

How to Create a 2017 Job Search Roadmap So you’ve set your career goals for 2017. (You totally have, right? If not, you still have time!) Yet unless you have some organization and a realistic timeline behind them, it’s likely that you’ll be in the same spot this time next year, wondering where the time went. Start the year with a roadmap like the sample one below, and you’ll be able to stay on track without overwhelming yourself with all job search elements at once.December: Start with a wish listWhere do you want to be in a year? What kind of role would you like to have? Before the new year even starts, take some time to think about what it is you really want to do. â€Å"A new job† doesn’t really cut it here- think about which job. Or if you want to keep the same kind of job you have now (or the one you had last), include specific companies you’d like to target.January-February: Do your due diligenceIf you haven’t already, dig in and research your target jobs or com panies. What is the general market for your industry and skill/experience level? Is there a particular hiring season? What kind of salaries are available in that field? Keep all of this information in a file (digital or old-school print) so you can go back to it later, or add to it as you come across new information.March-April: Resume makeover timeIf it’s been a while since you last overhauled the doc, it’s best to start from scratch. There are resume templates available online, or you can create your own. The important thing here is to make sure your current skills and achievements are not only listed, but maximized. Use strong action verbs, and avoid passive bullet points about â€Å"responsibilities.† And most importantly, proofread the heck out of it every time you add or change information.By the end of the month, when you feel like you’ve got a final draft, hand it over to a trusted friend to read and review for information that’s missing, c onfusing, etc.May-June: Interview rehearsalRemember that old joke that asks you how to get to Carnegie Hall? (Practice, of course.) It’s schticky, but it applies here as well. No matter how confident you feel in your ability to rock an interview, you should still set aside time to prep. You can start here, to get a refresher course on what to expect on interview day. Once you’ve done that legwork, practice how you’d respond to particular questions, and how you would frame the information in your resume.Practice in the mirror, practice with your goldfish, practice with a friend or family member until they’re sick of hearing about your problem solving skills. Practice your body language. Practice your winning interview smile like you’re prepping for the Miss America pageant.July-August: Skill buildingAre there skills required by your target job or skills that would make you an even better candidate for your dream company? Think of this as the equival ent of summer reading from when you were a kid. If there are classes available and it’s possible for you to take them, sign up! If there aren’t any available or they just don’t work for your schedule or budget, set aside a certain amount of time per week to do online research or talk with people who have expertise.September-October: ApplyOnce you feel like your foundations are good, start applying for job openings. Keep in mind that a lot of hiring takes place through personal recommendations and word of mouth, so also keep an eagle eye on your networks to see if anyone can help you get an in with one of your target companies.November-December: Keep up the huntKeep applying for openings as you see them, and don’t hesitate to go back to steps you completed earlier in the year if you feel the need. Always be vigilant for chances to boost your skills. Make sure your resume up-to-the-minute. Practice your suave, hire-me handshake. And don’t forget that so much of the job search is waiting for the right opportunity, so don’t be discouraged if you don’t see results right away.This yearlong roadmap is just a guide- if a different schedule works best for you, run with it! It might be that while you’re in the midst of interview bootcamp, your dream job opens up. So definitely keep an eye on opportunities throughout the year, and adjust your plan as necessary. The important part is that you’re setting a plan, and getting yourself in shape for the 2017 new-job marathon.

Homework in labor economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Homework in labor economics - Assignment Example (4c). at equilibrium price of $ 6 the amount of employment is 16. Suppose the government set a minimum price at 7, more workers will be induced to look for jobs. This will increase labour supply at the same time reducing demand for labour Setting a minimum wage in a two sector economy has a spillover effect in the two economy. For example a model where one sector is more productive than the other, setting a minimum wage in the unproductive sector to reduce the wage gap causes a negative spillover effect on the productive sector. As much as job creation in the unproductive sector is ambiguous, job creation in the productive sector unambiguously decreases. This is because a minimum wage increases the outside option of unemployed workers contributing to wage determination in the productive sector. (c) An increases payroll tax will mostly burden the workers. This burden can however be transferred to the firms through tax shifting. This way employing firm can help the employee carry the burden of the increased payroll tax As seen from the graph, if the worker evaluation of the compensation is less than the cost of providing it, the amount of labor supply will reduce in the market. This is represented by a downward shift in supply curve resulting into an increase in wages and decrease in

What ever intererests you (Restrictions in directions) Research Paper

What ever intererests you (Restrictions in directions) - Research Paper Example Coffee just like many other products has an interesting history; this research focuses on providing a background on where the caffeinated phenomenon begin and what made it loved so much (Pendergrast, 2001). Just like many other products the beginnings of coffee are enveloped in lore and mystery, legend states that the Ethiopian goat herder by the name of Kaldi discovered the crop. Kaldi noticed that his goats had full energy and were flokering soon after eating berries of coffee shrub, when Kaldi tried the same berries he had the same reaction. Later a monk took the berries to his fellow monks who spent the whole night alert and awake which was probably a reaction from the high caffeine found in coffee berries, a stimulant that usually protects the coffee crop from pests. Soon after the two incidents the knowledge about the energizing effects of the coffee berries started spreading all around the world, the word moved east reaching Arabian Peninsula, from there the reputation of the plant spread all around the globe. The Arabs in the Arabian Peninsula began the cultivation of the crop and also were the first to begin the trade of coffee berries, the cultivation of the crop spread around the Arab world fact, by 16th century countries such as Egypt, Turkey Syrian, and Persia cultivated the crop and traded its berries. People did not only drink coffee at homes but also in many of the coffee houses during the period; this coffee houses began appearing in different cities all across the east. As the coffee houses (qahveh kahneh) increased so did the people who frequented these places, the people increased as this was not only a place for drinking coffee, they also engaged in conversation, watched performers and listened to music. The word about the new product kept spreading, to maintain a monopoly of the coffee trade

Compare and differentiate the nature of the imagination in Tintern Essay

Compare and differentiate the nature of the imagination in Tintern Abbey by William Wordsworth and Kubla Khan by Samuel Taylor Coleridge - Essay Example erences could be more marked that in Coleridges â€Å"Kubla Khan†, and Wordsworths â€Å"Tintern Abbey†, two poems that are as different in tone, subject matter, and treatment that it seems possible for two poems to be. â€Å"Kubla Khan† is an elaborate and sensual adventure, it is fantastical and a phonic treat, conjuring amazing, startling images in the minds eye and enacting this creation through the medium of sybaritic, mesmerising poetry. â€Å"Tintern Abbey†, on the other hand, written as it is in blank verse, is more austere and more consciously philosophical. Its dominant mode is not that of the image, but of thought, its rhythm more steady. These differences, albeit whilst they mask some similarities, are indicative of Wordsworth and Coleridges divergent understanding of the nature of the imagination. For a large part of the critical history of â€Å"Kubla Khan†, the poem has been considered as something slight, when it was published it was considered nothing more interesting that a nonsense poem. This reading is certainly a mistake and one made, I imagine, because of a misunderstanding of how to read the poem. It cannot be read, or at least to understand its significance it should not be read, on an ordinary level, for its word by word, phrase by phrase significances. Rather the very motion of the poem, its exaltation in creation is its sense; the poems means of creation is equal to what is created. In other words, the meaning of this imaginative poem, a poem that the imagination has slaved long over, is imagination itself. If we see the imagination at work as that which is represented in the poem, then we can also decipher precisely what the nature of imagination is in Coleridges conception. For example, in the very first stanza we see Kubla Khan â€Å"decree† his â€Å"stately pleasure dome† (2). Note that he decrees it, he does not decree that it be built. Then, seemingly out of nowhere, its construction begins: â€Å"So twice five miles of fertile ground /

Memorable Experience Essay Example for Free

Memorable Experience Essay There has been many good and many bad things in my life. Although it was only at the age of five, I will always remember when my godfather David passed away. My mom dad and I lived together with David in Mathews, Virginia. I was always with him and would never leave his side; I was more attached to him than I was to my father. We did everything together we went to the playground, he took me to work with him, and we would take our dog on walks. He was the most special person to me, and I will always have a burning hole in my heart without him by my side. It was my birthday, May 18th, 2002 and my family would always take me out to dinner on my birthday. The whole day I couldn’t wait for David to get home so we could get ready together for dinner, I hadn’t seen him all day because he had work, and I had school. When he arrived at our house as usual he came to my room and gave me the biggest bear hug, David said, â€Å"Are you ready for our dinner sweetheart.† I said, â€Å"Yes, I’ve been waiting all day I’m so excited to go.† So we both got ready for dinner, I chose to eat a Ruby Tuesdays because when I was that age it was my favorite restaurant. Before we went to dinner mom, dad, and David gave me the presents that they had gotten me, of course I was thankful for everything I had gotten. Mom, dad, and I drove separately from David; he rode his motorcycle. We had the best time at dinner, and I thoroughly enjoyed myself. I loved eating out away from home, and it was always a big treat to me. Since it was my birthday I ordered a steak, the staff surprised me by singing Happy Birthday and bringing me a free piece of delicious chocolate lava cake. Chocolate lava cake happened to be my favorite dessert so you could not imagine the happiness it brought me for them to surprise me with it. Afterward, we all went to Walmart and David told me I could pick out one toy from the toy isle, and he would buy it for me. This treatment was nothing out of the ordinary David always treated me like a princess and bought me little gifts just because. Once we checked out at Walmart, we all decided we would meet back at the house. David wouldn’t be home until a little after us because he was some plans to take care of, but he told me he loved me and would see me in the morning before he went to work. Later that night my mom woke me up and said David had lost control of his motorcycle going around a turn and had gotten split in half by a road sign. I couldn’t believe what happened I was astonished, I was in doubt. It just couldn’t be true that someone that I loved so much was tooken from me  on what is supposed to be the best day each year for me. I cried and cried. At his funeral, the preacher spoke of me, how special of a person I was to him and that I was the light of his eyes. Anywhere David was I was strolling right behind him with the biggest smile on my face. The preacher said, â€Å"If any of you lose hope that he is not on this earth anymore, look at that little girl because he will always be watching over her.† Each birthday I start my day off with going to see my Guardian Angel at his resting place. He has always been and forever will be a part of my heart. In life, this has taught me anything can change in a matter of seconds people come and go, even people who mean the world to you. Sadly you can’t change what has happened but you have to move forward and grow from the experience because I know that he continually watches over me and will never leave my side.

Realm of Labor Essay -- Labor History, Technological Revolution

Separation can develop from anywhere or anyone over periods of time since people’s needs, desires, and goals are very diverse. The variety of people with dissimilar interest can cause tensions among groups, especially in the modern age. There are three categories that contributed to the physical and abstract separation all within the realm of labor: workers versus machines, skilled versus unskilled labors or workers, and immigrant versus non-immigrant workers. These three all intertwine and connect to one another under the world of labor. Along with lectures, historians and writers Herbert G. Gutman, J.M. Roberts, Ann L. Stoler, and Rudyard Kipling addressed the causes and consequences brought about from the three categories, which led to separation. The effects divided workers among themselves, thus created the idea of separation. Before the modern age, workers generally created their own products by hand, but this type of labor process has changed drastically with the rise of new technology and resources. Due to this change, workers were unconnected to their products; since they were no longer involved in the production, they were essentially separated from the creation. During the Industrial Revolution and the Second Industrial Revolution, otherwise known as the Technological Revolution, the rise of technology brought in new machinery that replaced workers. Machines controlled workers; as mentioned in lecture, workers lost all control when they were part of the assembly line. Also in Charlie Chaplin's film, Modern Times, workers had little or no control over the pace of the work, and the smallest distractions can slow down production. This was how workers and labor were described in the mechanized world. Herbert G. Gutman exp... ...inctively divided people; immigrants came in to work and better their lives and lives of their family, but instead were discriminated against and driven out. What make people different in society can result in the process of separation; it can be positive in terms of originality for an individual, but disastrous in the workplace. Separation in labor was proven to cause tensions among workers who were skilled, unskilled, immigrants, and non-immigrants. The division among them was both physical and abstract; the machines separated them as well as race and their own views. People were forced to unite and work together, but their differences created isolation and an inefficient work environment. It is inevitable to group diverse people in one place without conflicts. Separation was analyzed as an outcome of how people work, behave, and interact with others in society.

Summary of the Omnivore’s Dilemma

Human  Ethology  Bulletin,  October  2007] The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals By  Michael  Pollan Penguin  Press,  New  York,  NY. 2006,  450pp. ISBN  1? 59420? 082? 3  [Hdbk. ,  $26. 95] Reviewed by William F. McKibbin and Todd K. Shackelford Florida Atlantic University, Dept. of Psychology, Davie, FL 33314 USA [E-mail: [email  protected] edu, [email  protected] edu] The  Omnivore’s  Dilemma  is  the  latest  book  by  Michael  Pollan,  best  known  for  his  previous  best? selling  work,  The  Botany  of  Desire. Here,  Pollan  has  crafted  a  well? written  and  enjoyable   exploration  of  humans’  relationship  with  food.The  book  is  written  for  a  lay  audience,  but  is   appreciable  by  all. Pollan  begins  by  focusing  on  a  seemingly  simple  question,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"What  should  we  h ave  for  dinner? †Ã‚   The  answer,  it  seems,  is  not  so  simple  for  omnivores  like  us. Pollan  guides  the  reader  by   examining  the  three  major  types  of  food  production  and  divides  the  book  into  these  three areas:   Industrial  (focusing  on  the  modern  food  industry’s  reliance  on  corn),  Pastoral  (focusing  on   organic  food  production,  both  Ã¢â‚¬Å"big†Ã‚  and  Ã¢â‚¬Å"small†Ã‚  scale),  and  Personal  (focusing  on  personally   hunting  and  gathering  one’s  food).The  first,  Industrial  section  of  the  book  demonstrates  that  nearly  everything  we  consume  in   Western  society,  particularly  in  America,  is  in  some  way  derived  from  corn. The  processed   foods  that  seem  a  staple  of  modern  living  ar e  derived  largely  (if  not  wholly)  from  corn. Even   foods  such  as  eggs,  chicken,  fish,  and  beef  are  essentially  derived  from  corn:  cows,  chickens,   and  fish  are  coerced  to  consume  a  food  that  to  them  is  highly  unnatural. If  w